Per-Anders Pettersson

IN TRANSITION: SOUTH AFRICA

   
ANC supporters wait for President Nelson Mandela’s motorcade to pass during an election campaign in Durban, South Africa, 1994. Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress campaigned in the area a few weeks before the first historic democratic election on April 27, 1994. Mr. Mandela served one 5-year term and retired from politics in 1999.
   
South Africans sing freedom songs while queuing to vote in the historic first democratic election on April 27, 1994 in Lindelani, Natal, South Africa. President Nelson Mandela voted here 6AM and his car passed by as these youngsters sang to honor him. Mr. Mandela served a one five-year term and retired in 1999.
     
  
A housewife sweeps outside her shack, as the sun sets in the Site B section of Khayelitsha, the biggest township outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2003. It's estimated that over one million people live here, most of them under appalling conditions in shacks with no running water or electricity. The township was founded in 1984. Most of the people don't find work and the lucky few are paid low wages used mostly as maids and day laborers.
  
An aerial view of shacks in Khayelitsha Township outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2003. About 1 million people live here in poor conditions, most of them coming from the rural areas to look for work in Cape Town.
   
Young maidens line up to dance outside the Royal Palace during the annual Reed Dance in Nongoma in rural Natal, South Africa, 2004. About 20.000 maidens from all over South Africa arrived to dance for Zulu King Goodwill Zwelethini at the Enyokeni Royal Palace in Nongoma about 350 kilometers from Durban. The girls come to the kingdom to declare their virginity and the ceremony encourages girls and young women to abstain from sexual activity to curb the spread of HIV-Aids.
     
  
An affluent couple pours Champagne for their guests in their garden, as they host a late afternoon party in Fresnaye, an up market area in Cape Town, South Africa, 2004
   
Boys play on a concrete pipe in Site B Khayelitsha, a township about 35 kilometers outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2001. Khayelitsha is one of the poorest and fastest growing townships in South Africa. People usually come from the rural areas in Eastern Cape province to find work as maids and laborers. Most people don't find work and the unemployment rate is very high, together with lot of violence and a growing HIV-Aids epidemic.
  
Luxolo Mkwelo, age 19, stands in his room after coming home from a traditional manhood ceremony in Tshatshu, South Africa, 2000. He spent six weeks in the bush learning to be a man. He was circumcised and elders guided him during the ceremony, which is to prepare them for adulthood. Former South African president Nelson Mandela went trough the ceremony when he was young.
     
  
Afrikaners watch as a wheat field is burning and reflecting in the Orange River, in Orania, an all white community in South Africa, 2003. About 600 Afrikaners live in the village and no person of color are allowed to live or work there. Some residents are descendants of old South African Apartheid leaders.
   
A man gets a haircut in barbershop on a road in the Diepkloof section of Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2005. A customer's old Mercedes is parked outside on the street. Soweto is South Africa's largest township and it was founded about one hundred years to make housing available for black people south west of downtown Johannesburg. The estimated population is between 2-3 million.
   
Noluyanda Mqutwana strikes a pose outside her small family house in Khayelitsha, the biggest black township, outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2000. Noluyanda is one of about 200 unprivileged children dancing ballet in a program called Dance For All, Many children are talented and the discipline taught during the dance classes has helped many to improve their concentration in school. Some children has blossomed to careers in dance in South Africa and internationally.
     
  
Two young men stand in suits and hat outside their homes after they have returned from a manhood ceremony in a rural area, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, 2001. They live in Khayelitsha, the largest and poorest black township outside Cape Town, South Africa. They were circumcised and taught how to prepare for manhood during a one-month stay in a hut in the bush.
  
Oscar Dube, a young successful black businessman, takes dip in the pool with his daughter's cousins in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002. Oscar works in the mobile phone equipment business. A growing number of people belong to the new black elite in the country. Well educated and connected, they have risen from the poverty in the townships to a very different lifestyle, since the fall of Apartheid and the start of democracy in the country in 1994.
   
Men play soccer in the streets in Khayelitsha, the biggest black township outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2004. It's estimated that over one million people live here, most of them under appalling conditions, in shacks with no running water or electricity. The township was founded in 1984 and it still attracts people from the rural areas that look for work in Cape Town. Most people don't find work and a lucky few are paid low wages used mostly as maids and day laborers.
     
  
A Sunday school class is held for children in the Dutch reformed Church, in Orania, an all white community in South Africa, 2003. About 600 Afrikaners live in the village and no person of color are allowed to live or work there. Some residents are descendants of old South African Apartheid leaders.
   
A woman cleans the blood from a newly killed goat as she is graduating from a Sangoma ceremony in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2005. Sangoma, or traditional healer, communicates with the ancestral spirits, asking for guidance how to treat patients from different diseases and problems. They are often prescribing an herbal remedy for their patients. Many black South African’s consult a Sangoma even before going to a hospital.
  
A boy takes a shower after swimming as the sun sets in Camps Bay outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2003. Camps Bay has some of the best beaches and most expensive properties in the country, and it’s a popular place for local and foreign visitors.
     
  
Anneze and Carla Bornman, age 8, twin girls, drink lemonade after attending a church service in the Afrikaans Protestant Church in Orania, in the Northern Cape province, South Africa, 2003 The twins attend CVO, a conservative Christian school in Orania, an all white town. About 600 Afrikaners live in the village and they celebrate their culture and keep traditions alive. They have chosen not to live in today’s South Africa; a country ran by a black government since 1994.
   
Youth take a bath in a water cistern in a rural area in Blood River, Natal, South Africa, 2004. They celebrated “the battle of Blood River”, a battle between Afrikaners and Zulus in 1838. They mark the anniversary every year on December 16, the most important holiday in the Afrikaner calendar.
  
Andile Mazwai, a young black successful businessman, talks to clients in his office in Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002. Andile is part of a new class of black educated young people that are trying to uplift the country through black empowerment. At left is Phumzile Lengani, the only black female stockbroker in the country.
     
  
A mans face is reflected in a mirror as he cuts his beard outside his house in Khayelitsha, the biggest black township outside, Cape Town, South Africa, 2001
   
Andile, Mazwai, (c) the first black stockbroker in South Africa and a successful black businessman takes his first golf lesson with his wife, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002. He belongs to a new young and educated black elite in the country.
   
Twin girls attend an early morning church service with members of the Zion church in Site B Khayelitsha, a township about 35 kilometers outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2001. Khayelitsha is one of the poorest and fastest growing townships in South Africa. People usually come from the rural areas in Eastern Cape province to find work as maids and laborers. Most people struggles to find work and the unemployment rate is high.
     
  
Residents rush to save their belongings as a shack fire is raging in Duncan Village, a poor township outside East London in Eastern Cape province, South Africa, 2001. It’s on of the poorest areas in South Africa. Fires are very common as the shacks are built very close to each other and people are using paraffin stoves, which easily fall over, and the fires spread quickly.
  
A soldier protects children at a church in Lindelani, South Africa, 1994. Their families are ANC supporters and they fled from violent clashes with the IFP (Inkatha freedom party) days before the first democratic election in South Africa on February 27, 1994. Nelson Mandela was voted in as the first democratically elected president in South Africa. He served a one five-year term and retired from politics in 1999.
   
A family enjoys the sea as the sun sets in Durban in Natal Province, South Africa, 2004. Durban is a popular tourist destination along the Indian Ocean and local people enjoy the beach on the weekends.
     
  
Bruce Mashego, age 11, a blind boy, gets dressed in a bedroom around 6Am after taking a shower at Sibonile (means: we have seen) School for the Blind in Klipriver, south of Johannesburg, South Africa, 2003. A blind woman founded the school in 1994. The school has about 125 students from disadvantaged communities around South Africa. Many of the children have faced rejection from their families and communities, and at Sibonile they have a chance for a good education.
   
Children join a toast while attending a wedding reception in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2005. A couple celebrated a white wedding in a rented hall. Soweto is South Africa's largest township and it was founded about one hundred years to make housing available for black people south west of downtown Johannesburg. The estimated population is between 2-3 million.
   
A man pays his respects to Hector Peterson and other victims of the 1976 Soweto uprising at the Hector Peterson museum in Soweto, South Africa, 2002. Peterson was killed during the student uprising in Soweto in 1976, where black students demonstrated against the Afrikaans language imposed on them by the Apartheid government.
     
  
A choir rehearses in a field before a performance at a commemoration of the battle of Blood River in Natal, South Africa, 2004. The battle raged between Afrikaners and Zulus at Ncome River in 1838. Every year both sides mark the anniversary.
   
Afrikaner children dressed up in traditional clothing at a Farm Show in Orania, in the Northern Cape province, South Africa, 2004. The yearly event brings visitors from neighboring villages and cities for the three-day show. The village was founded in 1991 and bought by descendants of Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of Apartheid. It's run as a private town and only accepts white people. About 600 people lives in the village where they celebrate their culture and keep traditions alive. They have chosen not to live in today's South Africa; a country run by a black government since 1994.
   
Up market black people dance at Kilimanjaro, a trendy club in Melrose Arch, a suburb in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2004. A growing number of people belong to the new black elite in the country. Well educated and connected, they have risen from the poverty in the townships to a very different lifestyle, since the fall of Apartheid and the start of democracy in the country in 1994.
     
  
Xhosa boys wait for a nurse to tend to them after being circumcised while going through a traditional manhood ceremony in the bush in Bisho, a rural area in South Africa, 2000. The ceremony last for about six weeks and is done to prepare them for adulthood. Nelson Mandela went through the ceremony in his youth.
   
Bridesmaids wait before a wedding ceremony at an exclusive lodge in Muldersdrift outside Johannesburg, South Africa, 2003. The couple belongs to a new black elite in the country, educated and connected; they have successful careers and have money to spend on luxury items and western influenced lifestyle. They invited five hundred guests to the western styled white wedding.
   
A teenage girl stands outside the family home at night in Khayelitsha, outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2003. About 1 million people live here in poor conditions, most of them coming from the rural areas to look for work in Cape Town.
     
  
Farm workers walk to Church for a Sunday evening service in Orania, an all white community in South Africa, 2003. About six hundred people reside in the village and no people of color are allowed to live or work inside the village.
  
Zulu maidens wash themselves in a river in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2005. About fifty girls celebrated their virginity by marching trough the streets of the township. The girls were earlier checked if they were virgins or not. Soweto is the biggest township in South Africa, and has a population of about 3.5 million.
   
A man jumps on a trampoline, as his wife looks at him in Orania, in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa, 2003. Orania was founded in 1991 and bought by descendants of Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of Apartheid. It is run as a private town only accepting whites. About 600 people live in the village where they celebrate their culture and keep traditions alive. They have chosen not to live in today's South Africa; a country run by a black government since 1994.
     
  
Chanel Botha, age 13, stands in the living room of her family house with her cat in Orania, in the Northern Cape, South Africa, 2003. Fanie Botha, her father, works as a builder and Chanel attends CVO, a conservative Christian school. The village was founded in 1991 and bought by descendants of Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of Apartheid. It is a private village, only accepting white people. About 600 people live in the village and they celebrate their culture and keep traditions alive.
   
White farm workers pick melons during harvesting in Orania, an all white Afrikaner community in Orania, in the Northern Cape province, South Africa, 2003. Many young men and some girls from all over SA comes to Orania to work hard for a while. They make about 150 Euros a month working 6-7 days a week. The village was founded in 1991 and bought by descendants of Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of Apartheid. It has a population of 600 and only white people can live in the village.
   
Afrikaner youth attend the Orania Show in Orania, in the Northern Cape province, South Africa, 2004. The yearly event brings visitors from neighboring villages and cities for the three-day show. The village was founded in 1991 and bought by descendants of Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of Apartheid. It’s a white only town. About 600 Afrikaners live in the village where they celebrate their culture and keep traditions alive. They have chosen not to live in today’s South Africa
     
  
Blind students eat lunch at Sibonile (means: we have seen) School for the Blind in Klipriver, south of Johannesburg, South Africa, 2003. A blind woman founded the school in 1994. The school has about 125 students from disadvantaged communities around South Africa. Many of the children have faced rejection from their families and communities, and at Sibonile they have a chance for a good education.
   
Up-market people drink in a bar during a yearly Vine and Brandy festival in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2006. Many of the country’s vine makers came to Soweto to introduce the newly economically empowered people about vine. Traditionally, most people drink beer and whiskey and the vine makers are targeting a new black elite that have money to spend. Soweto is South Africa’s largest township and it was founded about one hundred years to make housing available for black people south west of downtown Johannesburg. The estimated population is between 2-3 million.
  
Nokybonga Maxhwee, age 20, (c) wait with fellow women backstage during a Miss Khayelitsha contest in Site C Khayelitsha, a township about 35 kilometers outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2001. The event is held annually. Khayelitsha is one of the poorest and fastest growing townships in South Africa. as maids and laborers.
     
  
A church service with members of the Zion church hold an early morning service in Site B Khayelitsha, a township about 35 kilometers outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2001. Khayelitsha is one of the poorest and fastest growing townships in South Africa. People usually come from the rural areas in Eastern Cape province to find work as maids and laborers.
  
Clothes are displayed in a hut of a man who died of an Aids related disease in rural Izingolweni, Natal, South Africa, 1999. According to tradition the clothes are displayed until the mourning is over.
   
Unidentified commuters wait for a train to arrive that will take them to work in Cape Town in Khayelitsha, the biggest black township outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2003. It's estimated that over one million people live here under appalling conditions, in shacks with no running water or electricity. The township was founded in 1984 and it still attracts people from the rural areas that look for work in Cape Town. Most of the people don't find work and most are paid low wages
     
  
Children wake up in their one-roomed shack in Site B in Khayelitsha, a township about 35 kilometers outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2001. About one million people live in this township, mostly in bad conditions. Khayelitsha is one of the poorest and fastest growing townships in South Africa. People usually come from the rural areas in Eastern Cape province to find work as maids and laborers.
  
Young men work out in a gym in Khayelitsha, the biggest black township, about 20 miles outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2003. It's estimated that over one million people live here, most of them under appalling conditions in shacks with no running water or electricity. The township was founded in 1984 and it still attracts people from the rural areas that look for work in Cape Town
   
Black yuppies network at a black empowerment reception during the yearly Durban July horse race in Durban in Natal Province, South Africa, 2004. Durban July is the biggest horse race in Africa and an important social event, where South Africa's celebrities dress up and watch the races. South Africa has seen a growing number of affluent blacks since the fall of Apartheid and start of democracy in 1994.
     
  
Freddie West, a sheep farmer, play with his favorite sheep (called Hans) on his farm in an all white Afrikaner community in Orania, in the Northern Cape province, South Africa, 2003. The village was founded in 1991, and bought by descendants of Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of Apartheid. It’s a private town only accepting whites and about 600 Afrikaners celebrate their culture and keep traditions alive.
  
White farm workers relax outside their house after harvesting melons since the early morning in Orania, an all white community in South Africa, 203. About 600 Afrikaners live in Orania and no colored people are allowed to live or work there. Some residents are descendants of old South African Apartheid leaders.
   
Elphas Lukele, a 48 year-old farm worker stands in his house with an injured eye in Wakkerstrom, South Africa, 2001. Lukele was shot in one eye and a hand by security commandos sent out by his farm boss. He was fired from the farm but is still living on the farmer''s land with 22 family members. The South African government is facing growing pressure to redistribute land that was taken during the old Apartheid regime.
     
  
Busisiwe Mfeka, age 28, is dying of Aids and rests in a wheelbarrow, as a hospice worker drops her of with her mother at her side in Izingolweni, a rural village in Southern Natal in South Africa, 2001. South Africa has one of the highest infection rates of HIV/Aids in the world
   
A man hangs rugby shirts that have been laundered on a colorful wall with graffiti in Site C Khayelitsha, a township about 35 kilometers outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2001. The township has about one million people living there. Khayelitsha is one of the poorest and fastest growing townships in South Africa. People usually come from the rural areas in Eastern Cape province to find work as maids and laborers.
   
Barbara Noortman, age 53, prays before eating with her son in their living room in Orania, an all white community in South Africa, 2003. The village was founded in 1991, and bought by descendants of Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of Apartheid. It’s a private town only accepting whites and about 600 Afrikaners celebrate their culture and keep traditions alive.
     
  
Women sell traditional food such as grilled sheep heads and cow intestines, in Khayelitsha, the largest and poorest black township outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2003.
  
A police officer places a blanket over a dead man outside a shack in Site B Khayelitsha, a township located approximately 21 miles outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2001. The man and two others came to rob people in the house and a firefight broke out. Khayelitsha is one of the poorest and fastest growing townships in South Africa. People usually come from the rural areas in the Eastern Cape province to find work in the city.
  
People drink buckets of a home made traditional medicine at a traditional doctors house in Khayelitsha, South Africa, 2001. Many residents of Khayelitsha, South Africa, come here for treatment of all kinds of ailments, including HIV/Aids, cancer, fertility problems, headaches and even marital problems.
     
  
A girl dries her hair at Beaulas Hair Salon in Site C Khayelitsha, a township about 35 kilometers outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2001. Khayelitsha is one of the poorest and fastest growing townships in South Africa. People usually come from the rural areas in Eastern Cape province to find work as maids and laborers
   
Men drink in an illegal bar (shebeen) in Site C Khayelitsha, a township about 35 kilometers outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2001. Khayelitsha is one of the poorest and fastest townships in South Africa. People usually come from the rural areas in Eastern Cape province to find work as maids and laborers. Most people don't find work and the unemployment rate is very high together with lot violence and a growing HIV-Aids epidemic it’s a harsh area to live in.
   
Men play pool and drink beer in a bar in Khayelitsha, the biggest black township outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2003. These bars, also known as shebeens, can be found in every block in the townships. They are often are part of a residential house. It's estimated that over one million people live here, most of them under appalling conditions in shacks with no running water or electricity. The township was founded in 1984.
     
  
Students enrolled in the “Dance for All' dance program chat as they prepare for an annual recital in Guguletu, South Africa, 2000. The Cape Town City ballet began the program in the poor and destitute squatter camps outside the city nine years ago. About 200 children ranging in age from 6 to 18 dance three times a week and are finding something meaningful to do after school.
   
A poor white family receives food from the Salvation Army in a poor white area in Krugersdorp, west of Johannesburg, South Africa, 1996. The Salvation Army gave out food and presents on Christmas day to white Afrikaners that were protected by the old Apartheid regime. These people now have to share the resources in the country with a black population since the democratic election in 1994.
   
Xhosa boys go through a manhood ceremony in a rural area in Tshatshu, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 2000. They were earlier circumcised and are now taught how to prepare for manhood during a one-month stay in a hut in the bush. Nelson Mandela went through this ritual when he was young.
     
  
Women from Eastern Baptist Zionist Church pray during an outdoor service close to Orlando West in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2005. They celebrated Easter weekend in Soweto, South Africa's largest township. It was founded about one hundred years ago to make housing available for black people south west of downtown Johannesburg. The estimated population is between 2-3 million.
   
Schoolchildren listens to a strict teacher during a class in a conservative Christian school (CVO) in Orania, in the Northern Cape province, South Africa, 2003. These children are taught in Afrikaans and they don't have much contact with the outside world. Orania was founded in 1991 and bought by descendants of Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of Apartheid. It is run as a private town only accepting whites. About 600 Afrikaners lives in the village where they celebrate their culture and keep traditions alive. They have chosen not to live in today's South Africa; a country run by a black government since 1994.
   
A Xhosa boy rests in a hut after just being circumcised as he is going trough a traditional manhood ceremony in Tshatshu, South Africa, 2000. The ceremony lasts for about six weeks starting with a circumcision. The wound has to be healed in a natural way, and elders guide the boys during the ceremony, which is to prepare them for adulthood. Former South African president Nelson Mandela went trough the ceremony when he was young.
     
  
Bonginkosi Bauuma, age 15, washes her body in the family shack before going to school in Khayelitsha, the biggest black township outside Cape Town, South Africa, 2003. The family doesn’t have electricity or running water. They heat water with paraffin stove. Her father works as a cleaner at a primary school, and the mother at a pre-school. It's estimated that over one million people live here, most of them under appalling conditions in shacks with no running water or electricity.
   
Residents walk on a muddy road construction in Diepsloot a township outside Johannesburg, South Africa, 2004. Diepsloot is the fastest growing township around Johannesburg as rural South Africans come to Johannesburg to look for work. They face difficulties finding work and housing. Many illegal immigrants from other African countries also live in Diepsloot and some of the residents complain that corrupt officials give foreigners with money houses quickly.
  
Youth dance to Kwaito music during a music festival on December in the Meadowlands section of Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2004. Kwaito was born in the townships, a music style similar to American Hip-Hop. Soweto is South Africa's largest township and it was founded about one hundred years to make housing available for black people south west of downtown Johannesburg. The estimated population is between 2-3 million.
     
  
Members of AWB (Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging), a right wing movement, hold their flags in central Potchefstrom, South Africa, 2004. Eugene Terre Blanche, the leader of the movement, was released from prison earlier in the day. Mr. Terre Blanche served five years for assaulting a black man. The AWB movement tried to disrupt the first democratic election in the country in 1994. A series of bombs and attacks were blamed on AWB members leading up to Election Day.
   
A woman walks past a burned out car and shacks, in a poor township, in Strand, Cape Town, South Africa, 2004. A fire burned down about 300 shacks a day earlier and about 1,500 people became homeless.
   
Fanie Botha, a builder, puts on his tie as he dresses for church in Orania, in the Northern Cape province, South Africa, 2003. Fanie, a poor white farm worker all his life, moved to Orania in April 2003 with his wife and twin daughters. A religious man, he attends APK, Afrikaans Protestant Church, and a conservative branch of the traditional NG Kerk, Dutch Reformed Church. The village was founded in 1991 and bought by descendants of Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of Apartheid. It's run as a private town only accepting whites. About 600 Afrikaners lives in the village where they celebrate their culture and keep traditions alive. They have chosen not to live in today's South Africa; a country run by a black government since 1994.
     
  
Twin brothers perform a dance during a late night session at a Jazz club in Diepkloof Hall in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2005. The club has monthly sessions where people come to enjoy classic jazz music, eat and have a few drinks. People are encouraged to perform dance numbers to their favorite tunes. Soweto is South Africa’s largest township and it was founded about one hundred years to make housing available for black people south west of downtown Johannesburg. The estimated population is between 2-3 million.
   
Up-market women attend an opening of a new restaurant in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2004. It is the biggest township in South Africa and has a population of about 3.5 million. A growing number of people belong to a new black middle-class and elite in the country, and they have money to spend on beauty, and clothes. Many have risen from poverty in the townships to a different lifestyle, since the fall of Apartheid and the start of democracy in the country in 1994.
   
A mineworker competes in a fashion show at the YMCA in Durban, South Africa, 2004. Men and women compete every weekend in the Oswenka, dressed in forties and fifties fashion.
     
  
Homeless people warm themselves with a fire in the streets of downtown Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002.
   
A Xhosa boy relaxes in a hut, a few hours before he is starting a traditional manhood ceremony in Lady Frere, a rural village in South Africa, 2004. The ceremony lasts for about six weeks starting with a circumcision. The wound has to be healed in a natural way, and elders guide the boys during the ceremony, which is to prepare them for adulthood. Former South African president Nelson Mandela went trough the ceremony when he was young.
   
Children play on a trampoline in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2005. Soweto is the biggest township in South Africa, and has a population of about 3.5 million.